https://wsapsj.ut.ac.ir/ Water,Soil and Air Protection en daily 1 Tue, 22 Jun 2021 00:00:00 +0430 Tue, 22 Jun 2021 00:00:00 +0430 https://wsapsj.ut.ac.ir/article_81474.html Nowadays with the expansion of energy consumption in industries and also running out of fossil fuels, taking advantage of new energy sources is essential. Solar and wind energy are more common among all renewable energy sources. Although renewable energy is less reliable in comparison with fossil fuels due to uncertainties in power production such as non-uniformity of radiation, Successive changes in wind speed and also mismatch in the times of electrical consumption and production. Therefore, it is necessary to use energy storage systems or diesel generators. On the other hand, high cost of purchasing and installing renewable systems requires to evaluating the power requirements and sizing of the battery, photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, and diesel generators precisely to minimize the energy costs. https://wsapsj.ut.ac.ir/article_81475.html Lack of water and drought on the one hand and environmental protection and non-release of wastewater into the environment on the other hand has led to the importance of wastewater treatment. Meanwhile, the wastewater from slaughterhouses is a challenge for the efficiency of conventional wastewater treatment systems due to the high volume of pollutants. In this paper, by simulating 5 common slaughterhouses effluent treatment systems of up flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB), sequencing batch reactor (SBR), anaerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactor (ASBBR), conventional activated sludge (CAS) UASB and membrane bioreactor (MBR) in GPS-x software under the same operating conditions, the quality of the output water was measured according to environmental standards. According to the results of the MBR system, due to the use of aerobic and anaerobic processes with membrane filtration, the highest efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total nitrogen and total suspended solids (TSS) removal are equal to 99.67, 99.97, 99.11, and 99.99 %. https://wsapsj.ut.ac.ir/article_81476.html This article focuses on biomonitoring of air quality using lichens in the industrial, urban and suburban areas in cities and in the vicinity of pollution sources, mainly based on the studies carried out in the last decades. Also lichen diversity studies in natural areas and in polluted sites used in these studies are discussed. In addition, the article covers complementary information on the subject, for instance, environmental and anthropogenic factors which are effective on pollution sensitivity of lichen communities, negative effects of pollution on structure of lichen, metal uptake mechanisms changes in lichen vitality parameters. In particular, it is emphasized how to utilize the lichens featuring bioindicators and biomonitors to determine air quality in terms of quantities and impacts of airborne pollutants such as sulphur dioxide, heavy metals, particulate matters and radionuclides. With respect to lichen biomonitoring, the appropriate biological methods, their advantages and disadvantages, past to present studies on this subject in the world, the assessment of the relevant literature and the reliability of the obtained results are reviewed from a broad perspective. It is envisaged that this compilation will serve as a guiding source for biologic monitoring of air quality and creation of management and conservation strategies with lichens today. https://wsapsj.ut.ac.ir/article_81478.html Among the all types of renewable energy, solar energy has received more attention than other types of renewable technologies due to its proper availability and developed technology. The main users of photovoltaic technology are countries with high solar radiation potential, which generally have a tropical climate. Due to the negative effect of temperature rise on the electrical efficiency of solar cells, photovoltaic-thermal systems have been developed to dissipate heat from the cell as well as make efficient use of the heat lost. The most important methods applied in these systems are cooling by water, air, nanofluids, phase change materials, and porous media. But the biggest challenge in using photovoltaic-thermal technology is to increase the capital cost of the system and consequently increase the final cost of energy. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of using different cooling solutions on the increase in energy costs of photovoltaic systems. https://wsapsj.ut.ac.ir/article_81479.html Climate change will be one of the biggest challenges facing nations, governments, businesses and citizens in the coming decades. This change affects human and natural systems and can lead to significant changes in resource use, production and economic activities. In response, international, regional, national, and local measures have been taken to limit greenhouse gas emissions into the Earth's atmosphere. Emissions of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide from fossil fuels for energy production, cause climate change. Therefore, measuring the amount and emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) is one of the priorities to prevent these changes. The International Standard ISO (ISO) introduces standard methods for measuring greenhouse gases and, using these methods, standardizes measurement values, data collection, sources and wells. And finally access to reliable scientific results, which can be presented and compared internationally. https://wsapsj.ut.ac.ir/article_81480.html COVID-19 and climate change share several striking similarities in terms of causes and consequences. Both problems can be characterized as low-probability–high consequence (LP-HC)risks, which are associated with various behavioral biases that imply that individual behavior deviatesfrom rational risk assessments by experts and optimal preparedness strategies. One could view theCOVID-19 pandemic as a rapid learning experiment about how to cope more effectively with climate change and develop actions for reducing its impacts before it is too late.However, the ensuing question relates to whether the COVID-19 crisis and its aftermath will speed up climate change mitigation and adaptation policies, which depends on how individuals perceive and take action to reduce LP-HC risks. Using insights into behavioral biases in individual decisions about LP-HC risks based on decades of empirical research in psychology and behavioral economics, we illustrate how parallels can be drawn between decision-making processes about COVID-19 and climate change. We contend that the impacts from climate change can be mitigated if we proactively draw lessons from the pandemic, and implement policies that work with, instead of against, an individual’s risk perceptions and biases. We conclude with recommendations for communication policies that make people pay attention to climate change risks and for linking government responses to the COVID-19 crisis and its aftermath with environmental sustainability and climate action. https://wsapsj.ut.ac.ir/article_81483.html - Investigation of various sizing methods for on-grid residential renewable energy systems - Simulation of slaughterhouse effluent treatment systems - Use of Lichens in Biological Monitoring of Air Quality - A Review on Economic Studies (Based on Cost of Energy) in Photovoltaic-Thermal Systems - Measurement of greenhouse gases according to the international standard ISO - Lessons for climate policy from behavioral biases towards COVID-19 and climate change risk    Also, the third issue of Abnoos (the newsletter of the Echo Hydrology Association of the Faculty of Modern Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran) has been attached to this issue.  https://wsapsj.ut.ac.ir/article_81540.html The third issue of Abnoos (the newsletter of the Ecohydrology Association of the Faculty of Modern Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran)